汉译佛经中“上”的一种特殊使用

A Special Use of“Shang(上)”in Chinese Translation of Buddhist Scriptures

汉译佛经中存在“出/过+名词/代词+上”这一结构,主要对译梵语中从格与比较级构成的比较句,或是“超过”义动词带名词或代词作宾语的组合。“出……上”来自译者对梵语超过义动词“abhi-√bhū”的仿译,当“上”不出现时,“出”就单独使用表示“超过”。“过……上”则是来自“出……上”的类推。

There is a structure of“chu/guo(出/过)+noun/pronoun+shang(上)”in Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures,which is mainly used for translating comparative sentences consisted of ablative and comparative or combinations of verbs and objects that mean“to exceed something”in Sanskrit.“chu...shang(出……上)”comes from the translator’s imitation of the Sanskrit verb“abhi-√bhū”.When“shang(上)”does not appear,“chu(出)”is used alone to mean“to exceed”.“Guo...shang(过……上)”is an analogy from“chu...shang(出……上)”.