摘要
动词的语义取决于其所支配的论元和使用语境。当动词“偏”的论元是人物或者饭食类名词时,“偏”的“背着”语义抽象出见面寒暄回答语的一种客套话,义为“先用或已用酒食”,后来也可以指占先享用的其他行为。“偏”可与“背”“倍”构成同义连用的复合词“偏背”与“偏倍”,皆可表“隐瞒”义。“偏”也可与“陪”“杯”构成与吃喝事件有关的“偏陪”和“偏杯”,前者可看成是动词,具有“先吃”“失陪”义;后者也可表达为“偏了杯”,具有“喝酒过量”义,不宜看成为词。
The meaning of a verb depends on its dominant argument and context.When the argument of the verb“pian(偏)”is a noun of person or food,“pian(偏)”develops into a kind of polite speech of greeting and answering,which means“eat and drink first or have eaten and drunk already”,and later it can also refer to other behaviors of preemptive enjoyment.“Pian(偏)”,which can be used synonymously with“be(背)”and“bei(倍)”to form compound words“pianbei(偏背)”and“pianbei(偏倍)”,can both express the meaning of“concealment”.“Pian(偏)”can also be used synonymously with“pei(陪)”and“bei(杯)”to form“pianbei(偏陪)”and“pianbei(偏杯)”related to eating and drinking events.The former can be regarded as a verb with the meaning of“eat first”and“excuse me”;The latter can also be expressed as“pian le bei(偏了杯)”,which has the meaning of“drink too much”,so it should not be regarded as a word.
作者
雷冬平
胡丽珍
LEI Dongping;HU Lizhen
基金
重庆市社会科学规划重点项目“论元结构理论下的汉语常用单音节动词的语义演变研究”(2021NDZD15)
重庆师范大学人才引进基金项目“基于大型语料库的汉语构式演变研究(19XWB005)”
“汉语常用单音节动词的语义演变研究(19XWB004)”的部分研究成果
关键词
动词
偏
偏背
偏倍
偏陪
偏杯
verb
“pian(偏)”
“pianbei(偏背)”
“pianbei(偏倍)”
“pianpei(偏陪)”
“pianbei(偏杯)”
