谈《蒙古字韵》与《中原音韵》的几个音系差异——兼论近代官话的“中原为中心,南北为边缘”现象

On Same Differences of Phonology between Mongɣoltshi’uin and Zhongyuan-Yinyun,and the Phenomenon as“Zhongyuan as the Centre,North and South as the Edges”in the Old Mandarin

本文讨论《蒙古字韵》与《中原音韵》的三个音系差异:(1)全浊声母的表现,(2)三四等的分合,(3)支思韵问题,并指出《蒙古字韵》在这三方面所反映的存古现象都是当时实际语音的反映。文章认为,《蒙古字韵》可代表元代北部官话,《中原音韵》则代表主要分布在中原地区的中部官话,与它们同时存在还有分布于淮河以南的南部官话;这三种官话在发展速率上不均匀,往往中部创新较多,南部和北部相对迟滞。

The paper discussed three differences of phonology between Mongɣoltshi’uin and Zhongyuan-Yinyun as(i)the expression of the old‘voiced’consonants,(ii)the limit or mix of III division vs.IV division,and(iii)the discrepancy in Rhyme Zhi-si.In these sides,Mongɣoltshi’uin kept the older features and mirrored the reality phonetic condition of the North Mandarin in Yuan Dynasty.At the same time,there were the Centre Mandarin which took Zhongyuan-Yinyun as the represent at the Zhongyuan area,and the South Mandarin at the south of the Huai River.The evolutionary rate varied in three Mandarins:the Centre Mandarin often appeared more innovations,but the North and South ones stagnated relatively.