东北官话表时间的“头”及其语法化考察

The Temporal Mark“Tou 头”and its Grammaticalization in Northeast Mandarin

东北官话表示时间顺序的手段之一是“头+X”,其中的X可以是时点词及时段词,也可以是动词性成分。据考察,“头”的这些用法是从表示“头部”的本义语法化而来的,从东北官话共时平面“头”的各种用法可以总结出“头”的语法化路径。可以看出,东北官话保留了汉语史发展过程中出现的表时间的全部用法,且从这些用法中,可以看出“头”由实到虚、由语义到功能的演变。

One of the syntactic structure to show the temporal order in Northeast Mandarin is“tou头+X”,the constituent X in the structure can either be a time point word and a time section word,or a verbal phrase.According to our investigate,those uses of“tou头”are grammaticalization results of its original semantic of“head”,we conclude the grammaticalization path of“tou头”from its uses on the synchronic level of Northeast Mandarin.It is observed that all those uses which show the temporal relationship in the development of Mandarin history are retained in Northeast Mandarin,we also observe the gramaticalization of“tou头”.