《京本通俗小説》係僞書的語言學證據

The Linguistic Evidence of Jingben Popular Novels(《京本通俗小説》)Being a Pseudograph

《京本通俗小説》是不是一部僞書?80多年來學術界爭論激烈,訖無定論。爭論雙方都舉出了很多證據,但是從語言學角度加以論證者很少。語言具有時代性,可以爲解決疑案提供關鍵性證據。本文首先對研究史做了簡要的梳理,認爲《京本》是僞書;然後通過分析《京本》獨有的異文提出新證。這種異文共有81條,大致可以分成三類:一類是《京本》改錯的(56條),一類是改對的(5條),還有一類是可以兩通的(20條)。這些異文涉及一批詞語在宋元明清時期的時代差異,爲《京本》是一部僞書的結論提供了新的證據。《京本》所收的7篇作品就是從三桂堂本《警世通言》(6篇)和衍慶堂本《醒世恆言》(1篇)中抄出來的,只是略加改動而已。這部僞書給文學史和漢語史、俗字史的研究以及辭書編纂等平添了許多無謂的紛亂,應該正本清源,徹底把它摒棄了。

Is Jingben Popular Novels(《京本通俗小説》)apseudograph?The academic debate in this field has been fierce for more than 80 years,yet still with no conclusion so far.There is a lot of evidence on both sides of the argument,but few arguments come from the linguistic point of view.Language is synchronic and can provide critical evidence for solving suspense.Firstly,this article briefly reviews the research history and considers that Jingben Popular Novels is a pseudograph;and then it proposes new evidence by analyzing the variant written forms uniquely in Jingben Popular Novels.There are a total of 81 such variant written forms,which can be roughly divided into three types:the first one includes the wrong modifications in Jingben Popular Novels(56),the second type is correct(5),and the last type can be used correctly either way(20).These variant written forms relate to the era differences of a group of words in the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,providing new evidence for the conclusion that Jingben Popular Novels is a pseudograph.Seven stories collected by Jingben Popular Novels were copied both from the version of Sanguitang Jingshi Tongyan(《警世通言》)(6)and Yanqingtang Xingshi Hengyan(《醒世恆言》)(1),with only minor changes.This pseudograph makes a lot of unnecessary troubles to the history of literature,the history of Chinese language,the history of popular characters,and the lexicography.Itshouldbeabandonedcompletely.