茯苓的交配系统与杂交育种体系

Mating and Crossbreeding Systems of Wolfiporia hoelen

茯苓Wolfiporia hoelen是我国传统中药,使用和栽培历史悠久,由于其配伍率高,在中药中具有重要的地位。茯苓菌核在我国广泛栽培,但是存在菌种同质化、退化和基质利用率低等多种问题,归根结底在于其交配系统不明确,缺乏杂交育种体系。近年来,相关研究建立了茯苓的同核体菌株鉴定方法,确认了其二极性交配系统,发现了同核体类型不同的茯苓群体,并基于单孢和原生质体同核体建立了茯苓的杂交育种体系和杂交菌株鉴定方法。文中对茯苓的交配系统和杂交育种体系进行总结,以促进茯苓育种工作的开展和茯苓产业的良性发展,并基于茯苓的特性和目前产业相关问题对其育种方向进行了展望。

Wolfiporia hoelen is one traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application and cultivation.The sclerotium has been widely prescribed in many important formulations.Even though it was widely cultivated in China,there were various problems including strain homogenization,degeneration and low efficiency in substrate utilization,which were attributed to the ambiguous mating system,and the absent of crossbreeding system.In recent years,the methods for identifying homokaryotic strains have been constructed.The bipolar mating system has been confirmed,and the groups with different homokaryotic types have been detected.In addition,the crossbreeding system based on homokaryotic strains collected from single spore and protoplast monokaryogenesis,and the hybrid identification system were built.This review summarized the mating and crossbreeding systems which would promote the breeding and industrial development of W.hoelen.And the breeding objectives were proposed according to the characteristics of W.hoelen and status quo of industry.