水磨房话的致使结构

Causative Constructions in the Shuimofang Dialect

云南省迪庆州香格里拉市三坝乡内新发现的汉藏混合语——水磨房话,采用了一套具有汉藏混合特征的形态型和分析型致使结构。其中,形态型致使结构采用动词后缀"-着"为致使标记表达使成义。分析型致使结构一方面保留了汉语型的使成义动结式,并在此基础上衍生出"动结-着"式和"V_(1)Asp么+V_(2)着"式;另一方面出现了含言说动词的"V说/着说"式和"喊了么+V说/着/着说"式用以表达使令义。致使标记"-着"和"V说/着说"式源自对当地安南藏语方言致使结构的语法复制,而"喊了么+V说/着/着说"致使句式是水磨房话创造的致使句式,之后又通过构式拷贝反向扩散入安南藏语。

This paper focuses on the morphological and analytic causative constructions in the Shuimofang dialect,which is a newly discovered Sino-Tibetan mixed language spoken in Alangu Village,Sanba Township,Shangri-La Municipality,Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province.The morphological causative construction is substantiated by a verbal suffixtso^(21)encoding manipulative causation.The analytic causative constructions can be further classified into two subtypes.The first subtype employs the verbresultative(VR)construction and its derived constructions,i.e.“VR-tso^(21)”and“V1Asp mə+V2-tso^(21)”,to express manipulative causation.The second subtype includes constructions such as“V+so^(21)/tso^(21)so^(21)”and“x51-ləmə+V+so^(21)/tso^(21)/tso^(21)so^(21)”to indicate directive causation.The emergence of the causative suffix-tso^(21)and the causative construction“V+so^(21)/tso^(21)so^(21)”can be seen as cases of grammatical replication on the model of Alangu Tibetan.But the construction“xa^(51)-ləmə+V+so^(21)/tso^(21)/tso^(21)so^(21)”was originally formed in the Shuimofang dialect and later replicated by Alangu Tibetan by means of constructional copying.