早期西人汉语教学文献的词汇语料价值——以《语言自迩集》对《汉语大词典》之书证补益为例

The Early Western Chinese Learning Documents and the Value of Its Bilingual Corpus:The Study on Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi as the Citable Corpus of Hanyu Da Ci Dian

早期域外汉语教学文献见证了17至19世纪中西语言、文化接触的历史,这些西人著述中保存的汉语词汇语料具有口语化程度高、双语资料明确、底本来源及周边文献丰富等特点,是值得进一步挖掘的近代汉语文献资料。《语言自迩集》作为19世纪中期著名的北京官话教科书被视为其中的重要代表,该文献中保存的多版本、双语、非均质的"共时资料"不仅可为清末民初这一历史阶段的近代汉语词汇研究提供可靠的参证语料和多重证据,亦可在补益缺失书证、提前首引书证年代、增补义项与词目方面为《汉语大词典》等辞书的修订提供新资料。

The early foreign Chinese learning documents had witnessed the history of the language and culture contact between China and the West in the17-19 thcentury.It is believed that these documents preserved spoken Chinese at that time and a valuable bilingual corpus,and a part of their contents can be traced back to Chinses local sources.The 19 thcentury Peking Mandarin textbook Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi,is an important representative of such documents,which could provide reliable references and multiple evidences for modern Chinese language study.This paper analyzes examples of the document concerning documentary evidence,headwords and the meaning of items of Hanyu Da Ci Dian,and reveals the value of the bilingual coexistent corpus extracted from the multiple versions of Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi.