论范围副词“都”的产生——虚拟性视角下的重新阐释

On the Grammaticalizational Emergence of Scope Adverb Dou:A Reinterpretation of Dou from the Perspective of Fictitiousness

"真实运动-虚拟运动"的对立是动词"都0"与副词"都1"的根本差异。对大量历时材料的分析和统计发现:"np+都1+VP"结构中,早期np一般为指单一实体的名词性成分,np的历时发展趋势为:指单一实体的名词性成分>指复数实体的集体名词、类指名词、代词>并列的名词性成分。谓语核心V的基本发展趋势是:1)变化动词>状态动词(np指单一实体);2)变化动词>状态动词>动作动词(np指复数实体)。"都1"的语法化过程和早期np的特征都可以从虚拟性得到解释。

The opposition between actual motion and fictive motion is the essential difference between the verb dou0(都0)and the adverb dou1(都1).By analyzing the statistic data of the structure of NP+dou1(都1)+VP extracted from a large scale of diachronic materials,we found that 1)Originally the NPs in such constructions normally refer to single entities,2)and the diachronic gradience of NPs is"NPs which refer to single entities">"collective NPs,generic use of NPs,and plural pronouns that refer to plural entities">"juxtaposed NPs".Also,we discuss the diachronic gradience of Vs.When the NPs refer to single entities,the gradience is"completed verbs">"stative verbs".When the NPs refer to plural entities,the gradience is"completed verbs">"stative verbs">"active verbs".The notion of fictitiousness can reveal the grammaticalizational process and the characteristics of NPs in dou-constructions.