中国手语一般疑问词调查研究

An Investigation of Question Words in CSL Polar Questions

目前关于手语疑问词的研究已发现,中国手语有两个以上疑问语气词,但缺乏对中国手语一般疑问句中疑问结构更深入的研究。文章基于自然语料,较全面地调查了手语一般疑问句中出现的疑问词。主要分为三类:一类是正性词,如"是""有""好"等,主要做附加疑问词;另一类是反性词,包括否定词"不""没"及"摊手"等,这些词可兼作语气词;最后一类是正反词,如"好不好""有没有"等。中国手语这种丰富有层次的一般疑问词系统,部分来源于汉语口语或手势,例如正反结构词最初是来源于对汉语相应结构的仿译。但其内部语法化的动因则更为至关重要,包括正反结构也受手语本身语音及语法的制约。

Previous studies show that there are more than two particles in CSL,however,fuller and deeper description of CSL question particles have not yet be explored.This paper tries to look into the question words in CSL polar questions based on naturalistic data.There are mainly three types of particles:1)positive signs,YES,HAVE,GOOD,CAN;2)Negative signs,NO,NOT,PALM-UP,LIKE-NOT;3)Positive-Negative signs,or A-NOT-A signs,including GOODNOT GOOD;YES-NOT-YES etc.Furthermore,VV construction is also found to mark polar questions.The rich system of question particles suggests the impact of spoken Chinese on CSL question construction.However,the internal factors play a key role in the grammaticaliztion of these question words originated from spoken Chinese and other sources,such as gesture.