路易斯酸碱对在材料化学应用中的研究进展

Research Progress of Lewis Acid and Base Pairs Applied in Materials Chemistry

由于路易斯酸碱对(Lewis Pairs,LPs)合成的多样性以及便于调整的空间位阻和电子效应,它们在小分子活化(例如CO_(2),H_(2),CO,SO_(2),N_(2)O)和不对称催化等领域得到了快速发展.新型功能高分子材料的合成一直是材料化学的研究热点,将路易斯酸(LAs)和路易斯碱(LBs)引入到聚合物骨架中,能够赋予材料独特的性能,极大地丰富了功能高分子材料的种类.综述了近年来大分子LAs和LBs的合成及研究进展,阐明了LPs和路易斯酸碱对聚合(LPP)在材料化学应用中的多样性和多功能性.重点介绍了LPs在构筑超分子聚合物网络,CO_(2)捕获和释放以及新型拓扑聚合物合成上的应用,并提出该领域存在的挑战以及未来的发展方向.

Lewis Pairs(LPs)have made a rapid development in the fields of small molecule activation(such as CO_(2),H_(2),CO,SO_(2),N_(2)O)and asymmetric catalysis,mainly thanks to the diversity of Lewis Pairs(LPs)synthesis and the convenient tunability of steric hindrance and electronic effects.The synthesis of novel functional polymer materials has always been a research hotspot in material chemistry.The introduction of Lewis acids(LAs)and Lewis bases(LBs)into the polymer skeleton can endow materials with unique properties and greatly enrich the types of functional polymer materials.Herein,this review summarizes the recent advance and synthesis of macro-LAs and macro-LBs,but also illustrates the diversity and versatility of LPs and Lewis pair polymerizations(LPPs)in the application of material chemistry.This review highlights the construction of supramolecular polymer networks,CO_(2)capture and release,and the synthesis of novel topological polymers.In addition,the challenges and the future development trend in this field are also proposed.