不同温度下添加植物乳杆菌对花椰菜尾菜青贮质量的影响

Effects of Lactobacillus Plantarum on the Ensiling Quality of Cauliflower Wastes at Different Temperature

从有机组分、发酵特性和微生物菌群等角度,探讨不同环境温度(20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃和45℃)下接种植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,LP)菌剂对花椰菜尾菜青贮质量的影响,并建立微生物菌群与青贮品质参数之间的关联性.结果表明,添加LP菌剂(LP组)能显著增加干物质和粗蛋白含量(除45℃),提高青贮发酵的乳酸含量,降低pH值和氨氮含量.中低温(20~35℃)环境下,LP组的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物和粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(CK组).高温(40℃和45℃)环境下,LP组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和纤维素等木质纤维组分含量明显高于CK组,相对饲用价值明显下降;而且LP组的乳酸/乙酸、乳酸/总有机酸也低于CK组,说明高温条件下LP组的乳酸发酵强度有所减弱.青贮30d时厚壁菌门细菌占据主导优势,LP组的乳酸细菌丰度显著高于CK组(除45℃),尤其在环境温度30℃和35℃时LP组的乳酸菌群相对丰度高达90%以上,乳酸发酵态势良好.乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)是青贮过程的主要乳酸菌属,其丰度值与中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素含量呈负相关,与乳酸含量呈正相关.总之,温度和LP菌剂对青贮品质均有显著影响,中低温环境添加LP菌剂能有效改善青贮质量,提高相对饲用价值.建议实际生产时花椰菜尾菜青贮优选30~35℃.

In order to utilize and dispose vegetable wastes(VWs)by ensiling in a timely and safe manner,the aim of this work is to investigate the inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum(LP)on the ensiling quality of cauliflower wastes at different temperature(20℃,25℃,30℃,35℃,40℃and 45℃)in terms of organic components,fermentation quality and microbial community.On this basis,the correlation between microbial community and ensiling quality parameters during ensiling were established.The addition of LP can significantly increase the content of dry matter,crude protein and lactic acid accompanied by the decrease of pH and ammonia nitrogen content for the silages.The dry matter,soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents in LP were significantly higher than those in the control group(no additive,CK)under medium and low temperatures(20~35℃).the contents of lignocellulosic fractions such as neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and cellulose in LP group were significantly higher than those in CK,which resulted in the significant decrease for relative forage value under high temperatures(40℃ and 45℃).The ratios of lactic acid/acetic acid and lactic acid/total organic acid in LP were lower than those in CK,indicating that the fermentation intensity of lactic acid bacteria in LP was weakened at high temperature.Firmicutes in silages were dominant at phyla,and the abundance of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)in LP was significantly higher than that in CK(except 45℃),especially the abundance of LAB in LP exceeded 90%at 30℃ and 35℃,indicating that a well lactic acid fermentation was formed,which suppressed the undesirable microorganisms.Lactobacillus is the main genus of LAB,and its abundance is negatively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent lignin,and positively correlated with the content of lactic acid.In conclusion,the temperature and Lactobacillus plantarum had a significant effect on the ensiling quality,the ensiling of cauliflower wastes inoculated with lactobacillus plantarum at middle-low temperature could effectively improve the ensiling quality and relative feed value.Therefore,the ensiling disposition of cauliflower wastes at 20~35℃ was recommended preferentially.