不同温度下干玉米秸秆与废弃白菜混贮品质差异及微生物多样性

Differences of Storage Quality and Microbial Diversity for the Mixed Silages between Dry Maize Stalks and Cabbage Waste at Different Temperatures

从感官质量、有机组分和发酵特性等角度研究温度(-3±1、18±1和34±1℃)对干玉米秸秆与废弃白菜混贮品质的影响,并利用高通量测序技术解析微生物菌群多样性.结果表明,贮存60d时,低温组的可溶性碳水化物、粗蛋白、氨态氮/总氮均显著高于中、高温组;而中温组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、乙酸含量均明显小于低、高温组,且乳酸/乙酸、乳酸/总有机酸比值相对较高,费氏评分"很好".贮存120d时,3个处理组的乳酸含量随温度升高而显著增加,中温组的乙酸含量亦显著小于低、高温组,中、高温组的丁酸含量、氨氮/总氮均显著低于低温组,费氏评分仍"很好".3个处理组的门水平优势细菌为变形菌和厚壁菌,属水平细菌包括乳杆菌、肠杆菌和肉食杆菌等27个属.中、高温组的有益乳酸菌相对丰度始终高于低温组;肠杆菌等腐败菌的相对丰度明显降低.总之,干秸秆与废弃白菜在中温条件下混贮120d期间的品质始终"很好",而低、高温混贮的"好"品质时长仅60d.

Effect of temperature on the mixed storage quality of dry maize straw(DMS)and cabbage waste(CW)in terms of sensory quality,organic components content and fermentation characteristics,the microbial community diversity were also analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technique.The results showed that the contents of water-soluble carbohydrate,crude protein and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen(AN/TN)in low temperature(-3±1℃,LX)were significantly higher than those in medium(18±1℃,MX)and high temperature(34±1℃,HX)at 60 days.The contents of neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber and acetic acid in MX were significantly lower than those in LX and HX.The ratio of lactic to acetic acid and the ratio of lactic acid to total organic acid in MX were relatively higher than other treatments.The lactic acid content in three treatments all increased significantly with the elevation of temperature at 120 days.The acetic acid content in MX was significantly lower than that in LX and HX,while the butyric acid content and AN/TN in MX and HX were both significantly lower than that in LX.The dominant bacteria in phylum level in all three treatments were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes,and the bacteria in genus level include 27 genera,such as Lactobacillus,Enterobacteriaceaes and Carnobacterium,etc.The relative abundance of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in MX and HX were higher than that in LX,while the relative abundance of undesired Enterobacteriaceae decreased.In brief,DMS and CW could store for 120 days at 18℃with excellent quality,while-3 or 34℃for 60 days only.