沸石、膨润土和过磷酸钙对蚯蚓堆肥园林绿化废弃物腐熟效果的影响

Effects of Zeolite,Bentonite and Calcium Superphosphate on the Vermicomposting of Green Wastes

为减少园林废弃物堆肥时间并提高堆肥产品腐熟质量,利用赤子爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)对园林废弃物(GW)进行堆肥处理,研究沸石、膨润土、过磷酸钙添加剂对缩短堆肥时间和提高蚯蚓堆肥腐熟度的影响.试验共设4个处理:无添加剂(T0),5%沸石(T1)、5%膨润土(T2)和5%过磷酸钙(T3),共进行60d好氧-蚯蚓堆肥.堆肥过程对蚯蚓生长繁殖、pH值、可溶性有机碳、C/N、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NH4+-N/NO3--N和发芽指数等腐熟指数和生物指标变化进行分析.试验结果表明:相对于T0,T1~T3处理提高蚯蚓存活率、蚯蚓生长和繁殖速度;T1和T2处理堆肥pH值高于对照,T3处理pH值则低于对照.T1~T3处理DOC降解率、NO3--N含量、GI值较对照T0处理分别提高7.25%~11.69%,17.81%~37.76%和16.11%~23.15%,而C/N降低23.16%~33.72%.T1~T3处理堆肥达到无毒害时间从60d缩短至50d.综合堆肥腐熟指标、堆肥腐熟周期,T3处理极大地加速了GW降解,且堆肥腐熟度优于其他处理.因此,建议在利用好氧-蚯蚓堆肥处理绿化废弃物过程中添加5%过磷酸钙.

In order to reduce the green waste composting-vermicomposting time and improve the maturity of final vermicompost,the effects of zeolite,bentonite and calcium superphosphate addition on composting-vermicomposting of green waste employing Eisenia fetida were studied.A total four treatments were set up as follows:no additives(T0),5%zeolite(T1),5%bentonite(T2)and 5%calcium superphosphate(T3),(w/w dry basis).Their influence on growth and reproductive performance of Eisenia fetida and the changes of maturity indices(p H、DOC、C/N、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NH4+-N/NO3--N and GI)were also analyzed during the entire 60 days of composting-vermicomposting process.The results showed that addition of different additives(T1~T3)greatly enhanced earthworm mass,juveniles and cocoon production.Among these treatments,higher pH were obtained in T1 and T2 than pure green waste(T0),while lower pH was observed in T3 compared to T0.Moreover,in comparison with pure green waste treatment(T0),the degradation rate of dissolved organic carbon(DOC),NO3--N concentration and GI value in T1~T3 was increased by 7.25%~11.69%,17.81%~37.76%and 16.11%~23.15%,respectively.C/N ratio in T1~T3 was decreased by 23.16%~33.72%as compared to T0.Furthermore,treatments with different additives(T1~T3)reduced the time required for vermicompost maturation from 60 days to 50 days.We conclude that use of 5%calcium superphosphate amendment in composting-vermicomposting with E.fetida improved the quality of final compost and reduced the time required for reaching maturity.Thus,the 5%calcium superphosphate was recommended to be used in green waste composting-vermcomposting practice.