考虑西线引水的黄河上游调水调沙潜力研究

Study on Potentiality of Water and Sediment Regulation Affected by the West Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Upper Yellow River

针对黄河上游宁蒙河段泥沙淤积、河道萎缩等问题,在保障黄河上游发电、防洪、防凌、供水等目标的前提下,分析未来南水北调西线工程对梯级水库调水调沙潜力的影响.分析了龙、刘水库调水调沙的关键控制性指标,构建了调水调沙方案集,建立了调水调沙模型,并采用逐步优化嵌套动态规划逐次逼近算法求解.结果表明:(1)龙、刘水库在4月下泄调沙水量,可为汛期预腾防洪库容,既可缓解河道泥沙淤积,又可保障水库及下游河道的防洪安全;(2)各方案均能满足发电及供水的通量要求,但调沙对发电效益产生负面影响;(3)现状年调沙潜力为平均4年1次;远景年西线引水后,调沙潜力将有所提高,最大为平均2年1次.研究成果探明了黄河上游调水调沙的可行空间,阐明了西线引水对多目标的影响,为指导黄河上游水资源利用提供了理论依据.

To solve the problem of sediment deposition and channel shrinkage in the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the upper Yellow River,the potential of water and sediment regulation by cascade reservoirs was analyzed for ensuring power generation,flood control,ice control,and water supply.Key control indicators were analyzed,scheduling schemes and a water and sediment regulation model were constructed,and a progressive optimality algorithm combined with dynamic programming successive approximation was used to solve the aforementioned problems.Results revealed that(1)cascade reservoirs remove the sediment regulating water in April to vacate capacity in advance for the flood season,alleviating the river sediment deposition and ensuring the safety of reservoirs and downstream rivers;(2)although each scheme can meet the requirements of power generation and water supply,the scheme exerts a negative effect on power generation,which is inevitable;and(3)water and sediment regulation recurs every 4 years in the scheme 1,and the minimum interval period in other schemes is 2 years.These results indicate the potentiality of water and sediment regulation,illustrate the effect of the west route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project on multiple objectives,and provide a theoretical basis for water resource utilization in the upper Yellow River.