浅谈材料热变形的主要研究方法与应用

本构方程和热加工图是目前研究材料热变形最普遍的手段,本构方程与热加工图能够表征金属在高温塑性变形过程中的流变行为,本构方程能够准确地量化材料热变形过程中的运动学量σ、动力学量ε与热力学量T三者之间联系,热加工图可预测材料在不同变形条件下的宏观现象,确定材料加工性能的优劣,通过热力学动力学参数的调节变化,预示材料在变形过程当中材料内部的组织变化、能量消耗、塑性失稳和熵变失稳等情况。对于材料高温成型过程中的参数控制,预测热加工的不安全区,科学合理地避开加工缺陷区域和流动失稳区域,选择材料高温变形行为优秀的参数具有重要的指导意义,本文重点介绍热加工图的起源与发展,分析热加工图的机制,并列举最近国内外对于热加工图的最新应用。

Constitutive equations and hot working diagrams are currently the most common methods for studying the thermal deformation of materials.Constitutive equations and hot working diagrams can characterize the rheological behavior of metals during high-temperature plastic deformation.The constitutive equations can quantify the thermal deformation of materials.The kinematicsσ,kineticsεand thermodynamics T in the process are related.The thermal processing diagram can accurately predict the macroscopic phenomenon of the material under different deformation conditions,and determine the quality of the material processing performance.The adjustment and change of the academic parameters indicate the internal structure change,energy consumption,plastic instability and entropy instability of the material during the deformation process.For the parameter control in the high temperature forming process of the material,predict the unsafe area of thermal processing,scientifically and reasonably avoid the processing defect area and the flow instability area,and the selection of parameters with excellent high temperature deformation behavior is of important guiding significance.This article focuses on thermal The origin and development of processing diagrams,analyze the mechanism of thermal processing diagrams,and list the latest applications of thermal processing diagrams at home and abroad.