黄河、运河影响下僧伽信仰的演变

Research on the Evolution of the Belief of Sengjia Influenced by the Yellow River and the Grand Canal

唐至北宋时期,人们认为泗州大圣僧伽具有护航的功能;南宋之后,僧伽治水的故事广为流传。大禹降伏巫支祁演变为僧伽降水母的故事,应与泗州水患逐渐加重有关。泗州水患的加重则受到黄河夺淮入海的影响。另外,宋金战争导致泗州普光王寺被毁、汴渠淤塞;元代运河截弯取直,泗州城不再是运河沿线的城市。运河的变化导致途经泗州城的人流量大为减少,加剧了僧伽信仰的衰落。

From the Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty,it was believed that Sengjia( Sizhou Dasheng) had the function of protecting shipping.After the Southern Song Dynasty,the myth of Sengjia’s taming of the Great Flood was widely circulated. The evolution of the story of Yu the Great’s conquering Wuzhiqi into the story of Sengjia’s subduing Shuimu should be related to the gradual increase of floods in the Sizhou city. The aggravation of floods in Sizhou city was affected by the Yellow River which repeatedly changed its course southwards to run into the Yellow River. In addition,the Song-Jin Wars caused the destruction of Puguangwang Temple in Sizhou city and the silt of the Grand Canal.In the Yuan Dynasty,the Sizhou city was no longer a city along the canal.The change of the Grand Canal led to a significant decrease in the flow of people passing through the Sizhou city. Those changes aggravated the decline of the faith in Sengjia.