“有魏以来,斯人而已”——高允从政为人之品格与北魏士族共同体之构建

Gao Yun’s Political Character and the Construction of the Northern Wei Aristocratic Community

高允从政五十余年,侍奉数帝。在鲜、汉民族对抗与文化冲突激烈的背景下,作为北魏中前期士族社会代表,在为政方面,他始终直言进谏。高允之谏诤,意在忠君爱民,秉公而行,形成了“忠而不伐”的独特风尚。在为人方面,高允崇尚诚实,对君主“自告忠诚”,一以贯之,无所欺瞒。高允谦抑律己,待人“柔宽”;生活上甘于清贫,为政廉洁,无贪渎之欲。在学术文化方面,高允博通经史、术数,长于诗赋;他长期参掌朝政,力行儒学教化,以推进鲜卑上层及其统治政策之汉化。作为士族朝臣首望,高允具有出浓郁的士族群体意识,提携、举荐河北人士,对江左、河西、青齐诸地域入魏之“外国远方名士”多加救济与延揽,着力构建、扩充士族社会共同体,对北魏社会政治、文化变革具有深远影响。

As a representative of the literati and bureaucrats in the early and middle periods of Northern Wei,Gao Yun served in politics for more than 50 years.Despite the background of ethnic conflicts and cultural conflicts and regardless of his circumstances,he always spoke out and gave advice in his political work,demonstrating the loyalty and perseverance of Confucian scholars and officials.Gao Yun’s admonition and advice had a unique style of being loyal to the ruler without boasting,and were widely applauded.Gao Yun advocated honesty and consistency,receiving praise from Emperor Taiwu and Emperor Wencheng.Gao Yun was humble and cautious,strict with oneself,and lenient towards others.In daily life,Gao Yun was willing to live in poverty and maintain political integrity.In his nineties,he received special treatment from Empress Dowager Feng and Emperor Xiaowen.In terms of academic culture,Gao Yun was proficient in Confucianism and history,and skilled in poetry and prose.His academic and cultural cultivation was mainly reflected in his efforts to promote Confucian education in governance,thereby promoting the sinicization of the Xianbei upper class’ruling policies.As a representative of the literati,Gao Yun demonstrated a strong sense of community consciousness among the literati.He not only promoted and recommended the literati from Hebei,but also had close contact with the literati who entered Northern Wei from various regions such as Jiangnan,Hexi,and Shandong.He also took many measures to provide relief and support.This contributed to the continuous integration and expansion of the community of Han scholars,and had a profound impact on the social and cultural changes of Northern Wei.