北魏平城文明的内涵

The Connotations of Pingcheng Civilization in Northern Wei Dynasty

平城作为北魏都城近百年,汇聚了不同来源的文化因素,发展和创造了内涵丰富、意义重大的平城文明,其内涵可包括都市文明、陵寝文明、军事文明和宗教文明四大方面。都市文明围绕着宫城布局、城圈设置和城郊墓葬特点展开。陵寝文明的核心是北魏金陵,需要在细致地调查和测绘方山永固陵的基础上进一步推进。平城北面分布着长城、长堑、六镇、塞围等军事防线,共同构成了军事文明的主要内涵。目前研究最为深入的是宗教文明,表现为以云冈石窟为中心的佛教文明,初步形成了“云冈学”。对北魏平城文明内涵的探讨还很不均衡,需要加速发展。

As the capital city of the NorthernWei dynasty for nearly a hundred years,Pingcheng gathered the cultural factors from different sources,developed and created the Pingcheng civilization with rich connotations and great significance,which included four aspects,namely urban civilization,mausoleum civilization,military civilization and religious civilization.Urban civilization revolved around the layout of imperial palaces,the setting of outer walls,and the characteristics of suburban tombs.The core of the mausoleum civilization was the Jin Mausoleums of the Northern Wei dynasty,which needs to be further carried out on the basis of detailed investigations and mappings of the Yonggu Mausoleum in Fangshan.In the north of Pingcheng,the Great Walls,the Long moats,the six major military towns,the fortress walls and other military defenses were distributed,which together constituted the connotation of military civilization.At present,religious civilization has been promoted most deeply,manifested as the Buddhist civilization centered on the Yungang Grottoes.As a new academic system,Yungangology has been preliminarily established.The discussions on the connotations of Pingcheng civilizations in Northern Wei dynasty aren’t well balanced and therefore need to be accelerated.