云冈石窟释迦多宝二佛并坐研究

A Study of Dual Sitting Buddhas in Yungang Grottoes

云冈石窟现存可辨识的218个释迦多宝二佛并坐像,根据佛龛高宽比例、进深、龛楣样式、佛像体态及衣着等特点,将二佛并坐分为六型,根据各型的演化特点,归纳总结异同点和共时特征,梳理云冈石窟二佛并坐演变顺序,进而将云冈石窟二佛并坐分为早中晚三期,中期又分为前后两段。结合二佛并坐与周边题材打破和避让关系,对其他题材时间判断、类型研究具有参考价值。以此为基础探讨云冈石窟二佛并坐的源流,分析二佛并坐在云冈石窟兴盛繁荣的原因,以及作为“云冈模式”重要文化符号的二佛并坐对后世和其他地区的影响。

The 218 existing and identifiable Dual Sitting Buddhas in Yungang Grottoes fall into six types based on the height width ratio,depth,niche lintel style,Buddha posture,clothing and other characteristics of the niches.According to the evolution characteristics of each type,their similarities,differences and synchronic characteristics are summarized,and the evolution sequence is sorted out.And they are divided into early,middle and late periods,with the middle divided into two stages.They can provide an insight into the time judgment and type research of other themes.On this basis,this paper discusses the origin and development of the Dual Sitting Buddhas in Yungang Grottoes,analyzes the reasons for their prosperity and the influence as an important cultural symbol of the“Yungang Model”on later generations and other regions.