北魏平城墓葬出土石椁浅探

An Analysis of Stone Coffins Unearthed in Pengcheng Era in Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏平城时期的砖室或土洞墓出有石椁。通过对北魏平城8座有代表性的石椁墓的墓葬分布、墓葬结构、出土器物,石椁结构石椁所绘壁画等情况进行讨论,大致可以分为四个时间段:智家堡、尉迟定州和张智朗墓石椁时代接近,约在457-460年前后;御昌佳园M85与邢合姜墓石椁较为相似,应在469年前后;御龙庭M8石椁与宋绍祖M5石椁相似,应在477年前后;华宇M10石椁结构较特别,出现三角形梁前端出跳的样式,起到了抬高南侧顶板的作用,石棺内无石棺床却置有木棺,合并分析出土器物特征,华宇M10或许为太和年间或太和之后的墓葬。

Stone coffins were found in brick chamber or earthen cave tombs in the Pingcheng Era of the Northern Wei dynasty.Through a discussion of the their distribution,structure,unearthed artifacts,stone coffin structure and murals of eight representative stone coffin tombs,it shows that they can be roughly divided into four periods.The tombs of Zhijiabao,Yuchi in Dingzhou and Zhang zhilang were of similar age,around 457 to 460.T85 found in Yuchang Jiayuan residential quarters is similar to the stone coffin of Xing Hejiang’s tomb,which should be about 469.The T8 of Yulongting residential quarters is similar to that of Emperor Shaozu of Song dynasty,which should be around 477.T10 in Huayu has a special structure.The front end of the triangular beam protrudes,which helped to raise the southern roof.There is no stone coffin bed there,but a wooden one instead.Based on the combined analysis of the characteristics of unearthed artifacts,it implies Huayu T10 was a tomb during or after Taihe era.