云冈石窟洞窟形制的多民族文化交融特征

The Characteristics of Multi-ethnic Cultural Integration in the Shapes of Yungang Grottoes

云冈石窟是5-6世纪中国佛教石窟艺术的巅峰之作,其洞窟类型主要有大像窟、佛殿窟和中心柱窟。云冈各类洞窟形制,既有对印度石窟艺术的吸纳,亦有对龟兹和河西石窟艺术的借鉴和发展,更有汉族传统木构建筑艺术的融入,以及结合实际的自我创新。其不仅是北魏时期多民族文化交融的结晶,亦在某种程度上折射出佛教石窟艺术的中国化、民族化进程。

Yungang Grottoes were the pinnacle of Chinese Buddhist grotto art from the fifth to sixth century.The main types of the grottoes are big statue grottoes,Buddhist temple grottoes and central column grottoes.All of them include not only the absorption of Indian grotto art,but also the reference to and development of Qiuci and Hexi grotto art,and the integration of traditional wooden construction art of the Han ethnic group and self-innovation.They are the result of multi-ethnic cultural integration in the Northern Wei dynasty,and a reflection of the process of Sinicization and nationalization of Buddhist grotto art to some certain extent as well.