考古学建构下的印度佛教史——拉尔斯·福格林《印度佛教考古史》评介

The History of Indian Buddhism from the Perspective of Archaeology——A Review of An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism by Lars Fogelin

《印度佛教考古史》是对印度佛教的独特阐释。结合福格林考古学研究的特点,从三个方面对其书写和研究方式进行了考察:其一,福格林以人为重点关注对象,对印度佛教的历史展开了深入探讨;其二,福格林从政治制度、宗教实践、建筑象征等方面揭示了大乘佛教发展演变的内在动因;其三,福格林的研究方法是典型的美洲考古学,即以人类学为导向,而非传统的关注古代社会各方面细节的历史学视角。

An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism is a unique interpretation of Indian Buddhism.Combining the characteristics of Fogelin’s archaeological research,this paper investigates its writing and research methods from three aspects.Firstly,the relationship between monks and believers.Fogelin focuses on human beings and takes"relationship"as the thread to explore the history of Indian Buddhism.Secondly,the rise and fall of Mahayana Buddhism.Fogelin revealed the internal motivation of the development and evolution of Mahayana Buddhism from the aspects of political system,religious practice and architectural symbols.Thirdly,research methodology.Fogelin’s method is typical of American archaeology,i.e.,anthropology-oriented,rather than traditional historical one,focusing on the details of ancient society.