鲜卑族的起源、分化及其语言

The Origin, Differentiation and Language of Xianbei Ethnic Group

代北入塞的鲜卑等民族语言中,其最具代表性的基本成分多来自蒙古语,而常用成分除少数来自突厥语外,多和满语有着一定的联系,其中有些词在今天满语里有而蒙古语里却没有,而且同源词汇的语音形式和音节结构往往和满语更为接近,体现出了现今蒙古族到来之前东北地区的某些方言特征,这对于探索鲜卑族的起源、姓氏、官职和中世纪以前满—通古斯语族和蒙古语族的状态能够提供一些有益的线索。

Among the Xianbei and other ethnic languages,the most representative basic elements of the language are mainly Mongolian,but the common components are mostly from Turkic,and related to Manchu.And some of them are in Manchu today,but not in Mongolian.Moreover,the phonetic form and syllable structure of homologous word collection are closer to Manchu,which shows some of characteristics of dialect in Northeastern Chinese before the Mongolian people came.This paper can provide some helpful clues for exploring the origin,surname,official position and the state of Manchu Tungus and Mongolian before the middle ages.