云冈石窟核心题材探源——云冈与犍陀罗之一

The Core Theme of Yungang Grottoes——Yungang and Gandhara(Ⅰ)

云冈石窟核心题材,主要包括三佛(三世佛、十方佛、千佛)、七佛、双佛(主要是释迦多宝并坐、双窟)、弥勒上下生、维摩文殊对坐等内容。犍陀罗是理解包括云冈石窟在内中国石窟的源头所在。以云冈核心题材为出发点,通过在犍陀罗地区的寻找和对比分析,可以看出七佛与弥勒是云冈与犍陀罗共通的,三佛、双佛则是在中国,特别是在云冈才受到特别重视的。即使是七佛和弥勒,其实也在云冈发生了较大的改变,附加了很多北魏时期和中国人的理解。

The core themes of Yungang Grottoes mainly include three Buddhas(Three Buddhas,Ten Buddhas,Thousand Buddhas),Seven Buddhas,Two Buddhas(mainly Sakyamuni Duobao Sitting Side by Side,Two Caves),Maitreya shangxiasheng,and vimo Manjusri sitting opposite,etc.Gandhara is the source of understanding Chinese Grottoes including Yungang Grottoes.Starting from the core theme of Yungang,through the search and comparative analysis in Gandhara area,it can be seen that Seven Buddhas and Maitreya are common to Yungang and Gandhara,while Three Buddhas and Two Buddhas are paid special attention to in China,particularly in Yungang.Even the Seven Buddhas and Maitreya had changed greatly in Yungang,with a lot of understanding of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Chinese people.