冬季项目精英运动员排尿知识、态度、行为调查分析

Investigation into Urination Knowledge,Attitude and Practice of Elite Winter-Sports Athletes

目的:了解我国冬季项目精英运动员排尿相关知识、行为及态度情况,为开展相关科普宣教提供依据。方法:2020年3月至4月向冬季项目国家队及国家青训队的运动员发放排尿知信行调查问卷,对其与运动排尿相关的知识、行为及态度进行调查。计数资料用人口百分比表示,不同类型调查对象之间使用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验比较差异。结果:共收到有效问卷204份。知识方面,冬季项目精英运动员对正常尿液颜色为浅黄色的知晓率为41.2%;每次正常尿量为50~500mL的知晓率为41.7%;每日正常尿量为1000~2000 mL的知晓率为18.6%;每日正常排尿频次为4~8次的知晓率为43.6%;憋尿不利于健康的知晓率为81.9%。行为方面,43.6%的调查者晨尿颜色为无色透明或浅黄色,每次排尿量及日排尿量在正常范围的比例仅为27.9%和13.7%,4.4%的调查对象存在经常憋尿的现象,78.9%的调查对象每日排尿总次数为4~8次;2.5%的调查对象日间排尿次数≥7次;46.6%的调查对象夜间排尿次数≥1次。态度方面,68.1%的调查对象认为应该关注排尿行为,77.5%的调查对象发现排尿异常会去寻找原因,82.4%的调查对象在找到排尿异常的原因后会尝试进行纠正,然而仅有20.6%的运动员对排尿知识感兴趣或非常感兴趣。冬季项目精英运动员已获取的排尿知识来自于老师和自学的比例较高,均为43.1%。冬季项目精英运动员获取排尿知识的理想途径中,通过网络获得排尿知识的比例最高,为48.0%。结论:我国冬季项目精英运动员排尿知识的普及率较低,态度不够积极,存在不良的排尿行为。急需采取高效且长期的排尿健康教育,提高冬季项目精英运动员的排尿知识水平,培养对排尿与健康、运动表现的重视态度,进而形成良好的排尿行为,从而促进身体健康,提高运动表现。

Objective To investigate the urination knowledge,attitude and practice of elite wintersports athletes in China,so as to provide evidences for conducting related health education.Methods Between March and April 2020,winter-sports athletes of the national team and national youth training team were investigated their knowledge,attitude and practice of urination using a questionnaire.The enumeration data were expressed as a percentage of the population,and chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences among different types of subjects.Results A total of 204 valid questionnaires were collected.Totally 41.2%athletes knew the color of normal urine was light yellow,41.7%knew the normal urine volume of each time was 50-500 ml,18.6%knew the normal daily urine volume was 1000-2000 ml,43.6%knew the normal daily urination frequency was 4-8 times,and 81.9%were aware of holding back urination was bad for health.Then,43.6%athletes had colorless t or light-yellow morning urine.Only 27.8%and 13.2%athletes had the normal each-time and daily urine volume.Sadly,4.4%athletes often held back urine.Moreover,78.9%athletes urinated 4-8 times daily,2.5%athletes urinated more than 7 times during the day,and 46.6%athletes urinated more than once during the night.In terms of attitude,68.1%athletes agreed that attention should be paid to urination practice.In addition,77.5%athletes would look for the cause of abnormal urination,and 82.4%athletes tried to correct the abnormal urination after finding the cause,but only20.6%athletes were interested or very interested in urination knowledge.Their obtained urination knowledge mainly came from teachers and self-study(43.1%).They were willing to obtain more related knowledge from the website the most(48.0%).Conclusion The elite winter-sports athletes in China are generally poor in urination knowledge,negative in attitude and have bad urination practice.Effective and long-term health education is necessary to improve their urination knowledge,as well as cultivate their positive attitude and behavior,which can help them to develop good urination practice to improve physical health and sports performance.