北京居民体育活动现状及其对居民情绪的影响

The Current Situation of Beijing Residents’ Physical Activities and Its Influence on Their Emotion

目的:了解北京居民在2016年的体育活动现状,并分析体育活动与居民情绪之间的关系。方法:通过按比例配额方便抽样的方法,从北京市16个区选取20岁以上的1460名常住居民作为研究对象,其中男性591人、女性869人。采用体育活动等级量表(PARS-3),正性负性情绪量表(PANAS)进行调查,采用相关分析、卡方检验、t检验、F检验对数据进行了分析。结果:2016年度北京市体育人口百分比为32.06%,不参加体育活动人口的百分比为24.18%,69%的居民仅参加少量体育活动。每次参加体育活动的持续时间在21~30分钟的人数比例最高,为26.5%;每周活动1~2次的人数比例最大,为28.2%;每次进行轻微强度活动的人数比例最高,达61.2%;居民参加体育活动的主要目的是强壮身体(80.1%),缓解压力(47.5%)、健美体形(18.9%)、交朋友(12.3%)、展示和提高运动技能(10.2%)。独立样本t检验表明,女性的体育活动量显著小于男性(P<0.001,d=0.411);单因素方差分析表明,年龄(P<0.01,ηP^2=0.008)、受教育程度(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.015)、月收入(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.013)、职业(P<0.01,ηP^2=0.011)对体育活动量影响显著;活动强度(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.023)、活动时间(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.041)、活动频率(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.026)对积极情绪体验影响显著;活动时间(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.042)和活动频率(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.057)对消极情绪体验影响显著。结论:北京居民的体育活动现状与"经常锻炼"标准依然存在差距。居民中60~69岁、男性、教育程度较高以及从事管理职位的人群活动量较大。体育活动时间越长,强度越大,频率越高的大活动量在积极情绪上得分较高,这种影响是通过对积极情绪的激活和对消极情绪的降低同时实现的,即体育活动量达到一定标准后才能实现改善情绪状态的目的。

ObjectiveTo investigate the current situation of physical activities of Beijing residents in2016,and to explore the relationship between physical activities and their emotions.MethodsUsing the method of quota sampling,1460 permanent residents of Beijing over 20 years old were selected from 16 districts in Beijing,including 591 males and 869 females.They were evaluated using the physical activity rating scale(PARS-3),as well as the positive and negative affect scale(PANAS).Then the correlation analysis,Chi-square test,T test and F test were used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong all the participants,32.06%took an active part in physical activities,69%only did a small amount of physical activities,while the rest 24.18%never did.The proportion of people who did physical activities for the duration of 21 to 30 minutes once was the highest,reaching 26.5%,and 28.2%did exercise once or twice a week,ranking the highest in the frequency.Moreover,most people,61.2%,performed activities of minor intensity.The main reason for sports activities was to strengthen the body(80.1%),followed by to relieve stress(47.5%),shape body(18.9%),make friends(12.3%),as well as show and improve motor skills(10.2%).The independent-sample t test showed that significantly less females did physical activities compared to males(P<0.001,d=0.411).One-way analysis of variance showed that age(P<0.01,ηP^2=0.008),education level(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.015),salary(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.013),and occupation(P<0.01,ηP^2=0.011)had significant effect on the participation of physical activities,while the intensity(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.023),duration(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.041)and frequency(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.026)significantly affected the positive emotional experience and only the duration(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.042)and frequency(P<0.001,ηP^2=0.057)had significant effects on the negative emotional experience.ConclusionResidents in Beijing cannot meet the standard of"regular exercise"currently.Male residents,residents aged 60 to 69,with higher education level or in the post of management take a more active part in doing physical activities.Residents participating physical activities with higher duration as well as greater intensity and frequency,score higher in the positive emotion.Such effect is achieved through the activation of positive emotions and the reduction of negative emotions,as only when the amount of physical activity reaches a certain standard can the goal of improving the emotional state be achieved.