新质生产力视角下的人力资本积累:挑战与对策

Human Capital Accumulation from the Perspective of New Quality Productive Forces:Challenges and Countermeasures

新质生产力是代表新技术、创造新价值、适应新产业、重塑新动能的新型生产力。创新是新质生产力的核心,而人才是创新的根基和核心要素。加快形成新质生产力离不开高素质劳动者的培养和高质量人力资本的积累。人力资本不仅作为一种生产要素能够提高生产力,还能发挥要素配置作用、推动产业升级。新质生产力下加快高质量人力资本积累,要重视质量和效率两个维度。从人力资本积累质量角度看,全面提高劳动者的科学素养和技能水平是提升劳动力供给水平的重要路径。从人力资本配置效率角度看,降低劳动者技能—岗位错配,促进劳动者在产业、区域和城乡之间的合理分布与自由流动,是优化就业结构的重要路径。面对人口结构新常态特征、劳动生产率差距较大、战略性新兴产业人才紧缺等现实挑战,要从加强人才培养、加大人才激励、优化人才配置等方面,全方位完善高质量人力资本积累的政策体系,实现教育链、人才链、产业链和创新链的有机衔接。

New quality productive forces is a new type of productivity that represents new technologies,creates new value,ADAPTS to new industries,and reshapes new driving forces.Innovation is the core of new quality productive forces,while talent is the foundation and core element of innovation.Accelerating the formation of new quality productive forces is inseparable from the training of a group of high-quality laborers and the accumulation of high-quality human capital.As a factor of production,human capital can not only improve production capacity,but also play a role in factor allocation and promote industrial upgrading.According to the research,to accelerate the accumulation of high-quality human capital under the new quality productive forces,we should pay attention to the two dimensions of quality and efficiency.From the perspective of the quality of human capital accumulation,it is an important direction to improve the level of labor supply to comprehensively improve the scientific literacy and skill levels of laborers.From the perspective of human capital allocation efficiency,it is an important way to optimize the employment structure to reduce the skills-post mismatch of workers and promote the reasonable distribution and free flow of workers among industries,regions and urban and rural areas.Faced with many problems and challenges such as the new normal of population structure,the large gap in labor productivity,and the shortage of talents in strategic emerging industries,we should improve the policy system for the accumulation of high-quality human capital in an all-round way from the aspects of increasing talent training,improving talent incentives,and optimizing talent allocation,so as to realize the effective relationship among the education chain,the talent cultivation chain,the industrial chain and the innovation chain.