治理角度下的文化和旅游融合研究——兼论西藏文化和旅游机构设置模式

Study on the Organizational Governance of Cultural and Tourism:A Case Study of Tibet

文化和旅游融合是世界范围内的大趋势。为什么要合,怎么合,合了以后又如何分工,不仅仅是操作层面的问题,更是国家相关宏观职能如何排布、围绕文化和旅游如何治理的问题。文化和旅游都有各自的行政、协调、经营、服务职能,两者是对立和统一关系,尽管文化和旅游部门合并有诸多有利之处,但也有理由担心两部门合并后,多重不利后果可能出现,多探讨不利后果是为了防范不利后果,以推进文化和旅游顺利融合、成功融合。与全国机构改革不同的是,西藏文化和旅游部门并没有完全合,也没有完全分,在中、高层仍保留了文化部门和旅游部门,在基层文化和旅游合成一个部门。西藏实行的这种文化和旅游混合治理结构,有其合理性,应该说是现阶段西藏根据特殊的区情作出的务实选择,兼容了合的"好处"和分的"好处"。

The integration of culture and tourism is a general trend nowadays.How to merge these two things relays on national macro layout and aftermath management.Culture and tourism management frame are not the same in different countries and development stages.It does not have invariable patterns based on various development appeals.Culture and tourism integration reflects the relation of unity and opposite,on one hand they relied on independent management and different economic social development conditions,may lead to adverse consequence.On the other hand the integration could bring economical and cultural benefits.Advantages and disadvantages should be fully recognized.Flexible and pragmatic mechanisms need to be established to prevent all kinds of risks.The reform of cultural and tourism organizations in Tibet is a typical case,the tourist department and cultural department of Tibet are still separate at Autonomous regional level,but at the local level these two systems have already merged into one.In this essay,the author will discuss this choice could lead to advantages and avoid disadvantages in Tibet’s situation.