论城市规划与公共政策的动态关系:中国北京的经验

The dynamics between urban planning and public policy:lessons and experiences from the city of Beijing,China

在中国和许多其他国家,城市规划(为城市发展制定战略和土地使用规划)往往被视为一项独特的政府职能。近几十年来,城市化进程不断加速,在亚洲人口稠密的国家更是如此。城市发展速度往往超过规划者最大胆的设想,造成了大量的城市问题,如交通堵塞、基础设施不足、服务不便和污染等。本文通过研究中国特大城市——北京的城市规划与城市发展政策和政策优先选项之间的动态关系,展示了将城市规划视为公共政策重要组成部分的重要性,以及努力实现规划与城市治理更好融合的重要意义。规划专业需要创新来促进国内外相互学习,吸纳具有不同学科背景的规划师,并使用开放性的新规划方法。只有这样,规划才能真正推动构建具有长期实用性、审美感和空间合理的城市形态,给人们提供持续与新鲜的城市体验。

Urban planning in China,as well as in many other countries,is viewed as a distinctive governmental function,making strategic and land-use plans for urban development.In recent decades,the urbanization process has intensified,especially in densely populated countries in Asia.Urban centers have often grown faster than the planners1 wildest imagination,creating an enormous amount of urban problems,such as congestion,traffic jams,infrastructure shortfalls,service inconveniences,and pollution.By reviewing the dynamics between urban planning models and urban development policy issues and priorities in Beijing,China's mega-capital city,this article demonstrates the importance of viewing urban planning as an essential component of public policy and the importance of striving for the better integration of planning and urban governance.The planning profession itself also needs to be innovated to enable domestic and international learning,to embrace planners with varying disciplinary backgrounds,and to use new and open planning methods.Only by so doing can planning truly lead to an urban formation of enduring utility,aesthetic beauty,and spatial justice that can offer a constantly refreshing urban experience.