跨境合作的“游戏规则”:芬兰—俄罗斯犯罪预防中的立法和行政差异

‘Rules of the game’ in cross-border cooperation:legal-administrative differences in Finnish-Russian crime prevention

本文阐释了在立法和行政方面差异悬殊的两个国家,在双边跨境合作中的动态变化,所用的分析材料是芬兰一俄罗斯犯罪预防双边合作案例研究的经验结果。当前,无论是国家层面的立法差异,还是快速变化的行政环境,都使这一合作面临挑战。该案例研究显示,作为欧盟成员国与俄罗斯之间主要合作形式的双边合作,目前受到多种因素的影响:不连贯的甚至相互竞争的多边和双边结构、犯罪法律和程序的差异、国际条约和国内立法的差距、地域和地方实践的不一致、体制信任的脆弱和政策变化的无常。研究结果表明,跨境合作网络的有效性不能严格根据量化结果进行评估。更深入的长期合作不仅需要了解立法和行政的现实制约之处,而且需要国家层面和超国家层面的高度政治认同。

The article illuminates the dynamics of bilateral cross-border cooperation between two vastly different legal-administrative partners.The analysis utilizes empirical findings of a case study on bilateral Finnish-Russian crime prevention cooperation.Currently,both the differences in national legislations and the fast-changing administrative environment make this cooperation challenging.The case study showed that bilateral cooperation,which is the dominant form of cooperation between EU member states and Russia,is currently affected by disjointed and even competing multilateral and bilateral structures,differences in criminal law and procedure,gaps between international treaties and national legislation,local and regional variations of practices,weak institutional trust and abrupt policy changes.The results indicate that the effectiveness of cross-border networks cannot be assessed strictly in terms of quantitative outcomes.Further longterm development of the cooperation requires both realistic understanding of legaladministrative constraints and strong commitment at the national and supranational political levels.