论个人健康信息“利用友好型”保护模式的建构

On the Construction of Utilization-friendly Protective Mode of Personal Health Information

个人健康信息具有广阔而重要的应用前景,但各国普遍规定个人健康信息的搜集和使用应征得个人的明示同意,这阻碍了信息的利用。为化解难题,我们应以体系化的视野来审视和定位知情同意规则,个人信息的保护是个人控制型和非个人控制型手段综合运用的结果,知情同意只是个人控制型保护手段之一种。不同保护手段对信息利用的影响有较大不同,一般而言,个人控制型保护手段对信息利用的阻碍要大于非个人控制型保护手段,明示同意规则要大于默示同意规则。我们应在场景区分的基础上,以体系化的思维合理选用各类保护手段,允许在提供有效保护的前提下省略同意程序,或以默示同意替代明示同意,建构"利用友好型"的个人健康信息保护模式。

Personal health information has broad and important applicable prospect,however,it is generally stipulated that the collection and use of personal health information should obtain the express consent from the data subject,which hinders the utilization of information.In order to solve the problem,we should examine and locate the rules of informed consent from the perspective of system.The protection of personal information is the result of comprehensive application of means of personal control and non-personal control,and informed consent is only one of the means of personal control.Different means would have different impact on the utilization of information.Generally speaking,the means of personal control would make more obstacles than that of non-personal control and the rule of express consent would make more obstacles than that of implied consent.On the basis of theory of scenario,we should select all kinds of protective means reasonably and systematically according to the specific scene,and allow to omit the procedure of consent or substitute the rule of express consent with rule of implied consent on the premise of effective protection,constructing utilization-friendly protective mode of personal health information.