行政裁量自动化的学理基础与功能定位

Theoretical Basis and Functional Positioning of Administrative Discretion Automation

受智慧审判启发,在线政务服务和各类行政执法领域都出现了裁量自动化现象,尤以裁量辅助系统为代表。裁量自动化能提升行政效能和规范裁量权的行使,也需经受既有学理的检验。按裁量过程中是否有人工介入为标准,裁量自动化分为裁量辅助和全自动裁量,裁量基准和一般裁量可为前者提供理论支撑,但后者不仅在理论上无从证立,也被域外立法排除。行政裁量自动化应定位于辅助功能,可纳入整体行政流程再造体系予以开发,在类案推荐、结果参考、偏离监督(预警、督查、监察)等方面予以积极利用。

Inspired by intellectual trials,there has been a discretionary automation phenomenon in the field of online government services and information administrative law enforcement,especially represented by discretionary aid systems.Discretionary automation can improve administrative efficiency and regulate the exercise of discretionary power,but it also has to withstand the test of existing academic principles.According to whether there is manual intervention in the discretion process,the discretionary automation is divided into discretionary assistance and automatic discretion.The discretionary benchmark and general discretion can provide theoretical support for the former,but the latter is not only theoretically unjustified,but also excluded by extraterritorial legislation.Administrative discretion automation should be positioned as an auxiliary function,which can be incorporated into the overall administrative process reengineering system for development,and be actively used in category case recommendation,result reference,deviation supervision(early warning,supervision,and supervision).