政策试验的注意力调控与适应性治理

Attention Steering of Policy Experimentation and Adaptive Governance

在多层级政府体系中,政策试验是检验新政策效果、提升公共治理效能的一项制度安排。政策试验的已有文献大多关注成功试验的运作机制,对效果不明显的政策试验的调控机制研究较少。从政治调控的视角,可以剖析决策者如何调整注意力分配,进而传递政策信号,促使地方政府改进政策安排,提升公共治理的适应性。政策试验产生良好绩效后,在正反馈机制的作用下,决策系统对政策试验予以认可,在注意力分配上给予优先关注,提供全国性交流平台,形成创新的扩散效应;对于无效的政策试验,政策子系统在注意力上予以消解,政策试验在名义上保持运作,但不再具备扩散动力,从而转化为一种柔性化的容错纠错机制。

In the multi-level government system,policy experiment is an institutional arrangement to test the effect of new policies and improve the effectiveness of public governance.Most of the existing literature on policy experiments focus on the operational mechanism of successful experiences,while few researches on the steering mechanism of policy experiments with no obvious effects.From the perspective of political steering,this paper analyzes how decision-makers adjust the distribution of attention,and then deliver policy signals,so as to prompt local governments to improve policy arrangements and enhance the adaptability of public governance.After the policy experiment produces good performance,under the action of the positive feedback mechanism,the decision system recognizes the policy experiment,gives priority to the distribution of attention,and provides a national communication platform for other places to follow up learning,forming the diffusion effect of innovation.As for the ineffective policy experiment,the subsystem of policy should pay less attention to it,and the policy experiment may keep running in name,but it no longer has the diffusion power,thus forming a flexible error tolerance and correction mechanism.