“官僚主义”的“常”与“变”及其应对——基于改革开放以来党和政府重要文献之分析

The “Constancy” and “Change” of “Bureaucracy” and Its Countermeasures:Based on the Analysis of Important Documents of the Party and Government since the Reform and Opening up

通过定性与定量相结合的方法对党和政府系列重要文献的分析可知,改革开放以来,党和政府对"官僚主义"具有稳定不变的、独特的认识,即由"群众"等七个核心词构成的内涵丰富的思想体系,并将之与"形式主义"视为一体之两面。同时,在改革开放的不同时期,党和政府对"官僚主义"的形成、表现及治理等又具有不同的认识,可划分为领导制度不健全形成的"官僚主义"、经济体制转轨导致的"官僚主义"、政绩观扭曲引发的"官僚主义"、作为"四风"问题的"官僚主义"等四个阶段。"官僚主义"在党和政府认识中的"常"与"变",与改革开放以来我国政治发展的总体性特征和阶段性特征具有紧密的关联,体现了党和政府既与时俱进又永葆初心的品质。未来对"官僚主义"的治理,应构建起以密切干群关系为中心、以整顿党风为引领、以祛除形式主义为突破口、以机构改革为推动力、以制度建设为支撑的五位一体的治理体系。

Since the reform and opening up,the party and the government have a stable and unique understanding of"bureaucracy",the thoughts of which is composed of seven core words such as"masses"and is considered as two sides of the same body with formalism through the analysis of a series of important documents of the party and the government by means of combining qualitative and quantitative methods.At the same time,the party and the government have different understandings on the formation,performance and governance of"bureaucracy"in different periods of reform and opening up.It can be divided into four stages:the"bureaucracy"caused by the imperfect leadership system,the"bureaucracy"caused by the transition of the economic system,the"bureaucracy"caused by the distortion of the views on political achievements,and the"bureaucracy"caused by the increasingly fierce undesirable work styles including formalism,bureaucracy,hedonism and extravagance.The"constancy"and"change"of"bureaucracy"in the cognition of the party and the government are closely related to the overall as well as the periodical characteristics of China’s political development since the reform and opening up,which embodies the quality of the party and the government that keep pace with the times and always maintain their original aspiration.It is required to establish a five-in-one governance system with close cadre-masses relations as the center,the party’s style rectification as the guidance,elimination of formalism as a breakthrough,institutional reform as the driving force,and system construction as the support in the future governance of"bureaucracy".