明代格鲁派高僧推动藏传佛教中国化个案研究——以宗喀巴、释迦也失为例

Case Study on the Sinicization of Tibetan Buddhism Promoted by Gelug Monks in Ming Dynasty

明代是我国藏传佛教中国化的重要发展时期。明初,宗喀巴严明戒律,整顿藏传佛教界修行弊端,创立格鲁派教义体系,建立寺院教育和管理制度,完成了藏传佛教本土化的历程。之后,宗喀巴弟子释迦也失两次入京朝贡,建立了格鲁派与明朝中央政府密切的朝贡关系。同时,他在内地传法十年,促进了藏汉佛教的交流交融,增强了汉、藏、蒙等多民族间的团结。他们为明代藏传佛教中国化的持续发展做出了巨大贡献。

Ming Dynasty was an important period of the development of sinicization of Tibetan Buddhism.At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,Tsong-kha-pa strictly enforced the precepts,rectified the shortcomings of Tibetan Buddhist practice,established the Gelugpa doctrine system,established the monastic education and management system,and completed the localization of Tibetan Buddhism.After that,Tsong-kha-pa’s disciple Shakya-Ye-shes went to the capital to pay tribute twice,establishing a close tribute relationship between the Gelug school and the central government of the Ming Dynasty.At the same time,he preached in the mainland for ten years,promoted the exchange and integration of Tibetan and Chinese Buddhism,and enhanced the unity of Han,Zang,Mongolian and other ethnic groups.They made great contributions to the sustained development of the localization of Tibetan Buddhism in the Ming Dynasty.