从王通看古代“大一统”思想的双重认同及其德性追求——中华民族共同体意识的历史经验视角

Virtue of the Ancient“Great Unity”Thought:The Historical Experience Perspective of the Consciousness of the Chinese National Community

王通处在中国社会从三国两晋南北朝长期动荡分裂进入隋唐新的大一统建立之际。他的“大一统”思想包括正统与道统两个方面的内容。他的正统观把“正统”之“正”,从神秘的超自然拉回民心,使之符合“道统”之“道”,首创了在历史书写中给“大一统”过渡时代确立“正统”政权的先例,体现了古代中华民族共同体政治认同中理念性与现实性的统一,将统一视为中华民族政治共同体发展的应然与必然,意味着中国要么是统一的,要么是必将统一的。他的道统观主张基于人本主义与民本思想的“三教可一”,并通过谨慎著述、传道育人与文学、音乐艺术(诗、乐)创作,来传承民族文化,凝聚文化共同体意识(“道统”),体现了古代中华民族共同体文化认同的个体自觉与群体超越性追求。在王通身上,也反映了古代教育家精神与中华民族精神在“道统”传承上的结合。

Wang Tong’s thought of“great unification”includes two aspects:Legitimism and Orthodoxy.His Legitimism brought the“righteousness”of“orthodoxy”back to people’s hearts from the mysterious supernatural and made it conform to the“Tao”of“orthodoxy”.His orthodoxy advocates the“three religions can be one”based on humanism and people-oriented thinking,and inherits national culture through careful writing,preaching and educating people,literature and music(poetry and music)creation,and condenses cultural community conscious⁃ness(“Confucian orthodoxy”),which reflects the individual consciousness and group transcendence pursuit of na⁃tional community cultural identity.