清末中国社会对英国第二次侵藏战争的因应探析

An Analysis of the Chinese Society’s Response to the Britain’s Second War of Aggression against China’s Xizang in Late Qing Dynasty

英国第二次侵藏战争,是近代英国妄图分裂中国西藏的关键步骤。对这次战争的缘起、影响,清末中国社会有着清醒的认识,并进而反思中央历来的治藏政策。对于清政府在战争中的应对举措,中国社会颇多指责,并积极贡献意见。这一战争是改变中国社会“西藏问题”认知的重要转折点。经此一役,中国社会对“西藏问题”的严峻性,对西藏战略地位的重要性,以及西藏政治地位的界定均有了进一步的认识。在此基础上,为了挽救危局,中国社会提出了一系列旨在引入一些近代理念,以完成对西藏直接治理的善后主张。中国社会对此次战争的因应,与清政府随后在西藏推行的藏务整顿以及新政改革形成很好的互动,为维护中央对藏主权发挥了积极作用。

Britain’s second war of aggression against China’s Xizang was a key step which British attempted to split China’s Xizang.This war is an important turning point in changing the cognition of the“Xizang issue”in Chinese society.After this war,the Chinese society had a new understanding of the seriousness of the“Xizang issue”,the importance of Xizang’s strategic position,and the definition of Xizang’s political status.The Chinese society’s response to this war has formed a good interaction with the Qing government’s subsequent Xizang rectification and reform of the New Deal,and played a positive role in safeguarding the central government’s sovereignty over Xizang.