康熙末年治藏政策考察

On the Change of Emperor Kangxi’s Policy toward Xizang in his Late Years

康熙五十九年秋至六十一年是清中央政府治藏政策由依靠蒙古和硕特部间接管理,向中央政府直接治理调整的关键时期。期间,青海蒙古首领期待恢复和硕特汗廷、重新控制西藏,但进藏清军的最高指挥官延信反对青海蒙古留驻西藏。清中央政府扶持藏族噶伦政权,康熙帝又坚持驻兵西藏,青海蒙古只能失望退出西藏,蒙古各部控制西藏的历史一去不复返。这是一次“割据”与“一统”博弈的过程“,一统”取得历史性的伟大胜利,西藏地方与中央政府的关系更加紧密,开启了清中央政府直接治理西藏的新纪元,推动了清朝大一统的历史进程。

From the autumn of the 59th year to 61st year of Emperor Kangxi’s reign,it was a crucial period when the Qing government’s policy toward Xizang shift from relying on Khoshut to under direct Qing rule.Kalon was chosen in charge of Xizang under the command of the Qing government and Emperor Kangxi insisted on his army in Xizang,thus the Upper Mongols could only withdraw from Xizang.This is a game of“separatism”and“unification”which the“unification”wins.The relationship between the Xizang local government and the central government has been closer,opening up a new era of the central government’s direct governance of Xizang and promoting the historical process of the Qing dynasty.