论清初西藏的“皇帝恩准红黑双印期”

On the “the Emperor’s Envy of the red and black double period” in Tibet in the Early Qing Dynasty

关于清末藏文文献《噶厦印谱》一书中记载的"皇帝恩准红黑双印期"(■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■),以往学界因限于研究资料和视角,一直缺乏讨论。本文利用藏文档案、印章实物和文献史料,对此问题进行探讨。研究认为,所谓"皇帝恩准红黑双印期"是指清初蒙藏联合治藏时期,蒙古和硕特汗王与西藏摄政第巴在地方政府公文中同时钤盖各方印章的情形。在印章使用过程中,因双方政治地位存在差异,印章的颜色和尺寸大小都有所差别。这种情况随着政治局势的演变并未持续很久,实质反映出在中央王朝与地方政权更替之初,各方势力围绕西藏用印问题展开争斗而出现的一种权力制衡与妥协现象。

This paper thinks that the so-called"red and black double seal period of the emperor’s grace"refers to the situation in which Qosot Khan and Sde pa of Tibet simultaneously sealed their respective seals in government documents during the period of Mongolian and Tibetan joint governance in the early Qing Dynasty.The status is very different,and the color and size of the seal are different.This situation did not last long with the evolution of the political situation.It actually embodied a power compromise phenomenon that occurred at the beginning of the change of power when various forces were fighting over the issue of India for Tibet.The study of this issue is of great significance to deepen our understanding of the political system and characteristics of Gandan Pozhang local government in the early Qing Dynasty.