工作场所职业紧张风险评估方法探讨

Evaluating the risk assessment method of occupational stress in workplaces

目的研究制定适用于企业识别和评估工作场所职业紧张风险的量表,并以北京市电子行业为例,探索建立旨在指导企业改善工作条件的工作场所职业紧张风险评估方法。方法通过文献检索和专家评议的方法构建初始版《工作场所职业紧张风险评估量表》(WOSRAS)。采用方便抽样方法,选择北京市4家电子行业企业1284名员工为研究对象。采用条目分析法和探索性因子分析等方法确定最终量表的条目,并检验其信度与效度。采用百分位常模的方法,将风险评估量表总得分及各维度得分的第50百分位数和第80百分位数作为低、中、高风险等级程度的分界值,建立电子行业工作场所及其紧张源的风险评估方法。结果(1)通过条目分析和探索性因子分析,构建由6个维度23个条目组成的WOSRAS,可解释职业紧张总变异的63.2%。验证性因子分析结果显示,近似误差均方根和标准化均方根残差均<0.080,比较拟合指数和Tucker-Lewis指数均>0.900;量表总分校标效度为0.816。量表总的Cronbach's α系数为0.835,Spearman-Brown系数为0.802。(2)电子行业WOSRAS总分高、中、低级风险的划界标准值分别为<53.0、53.0~60.0和>60.0分。据此评估,北京市电子行业生产、研发和后勤部门的工作场所紧张风险等级均为中风险,管理部门为低风险。结论本研究构建的WOSRAS具有良好的信度和效度,所提出的风险评估方法可反映电子行业企业的实际风险状况并便于推广应用。

Objective To study and develop a suitable scale to identify and assess risks of occupational stress in workplaces of enterprises,and to explore the establishment of a workplace occupational stress risk assessment method aimed at guiding enterprises to improve working conditions based on the electronics industry in Beijing City.Methods The initial version of the Workplace Occupational Stress Risk Assessment Scale(WOSRAS)was constructed based on literature review and expert evaluation.A total of 1284 employees from four electronics enterprises in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using a convenient sampling method.Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to determine the final items of the scale and test its reliability and validity.The method of percentile norms was used to establish risk assessment method for the electronics industry workplace and its stress sources,and the cut-off values of low,medium,high risk was graded by the 50th and 80th percentiles of the total score and the score of each dimension of the risk assessment scale.Results i)Based on item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,a WOSRAS consisting of six dimensions and 23 items was constructed,which could explain 63.2%of the total variation of occupational stress.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the root mean square error of approximation and standardized root mean square residual were both<0.080,and the comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis index were both>0.900.The total criterion validity of the scale was 0.816.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.835,and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.802.ii)The cut-off values of WOSRAS scores for high,medium and low risk in electronics industry were<53.0,53.0-60.0 and>60.0,respectively.According to the result,the workplace stress risk levels of the production,research and development,and logistics departments of the electronics industry in Beijing were medium risk,while the management department was low risk.Conclusion The WOSRAS constructed in this study has good reliability and validity.The proposed risk assessment method can reflect the actual risk status of enterprises in the electronic industry and is convenient for widespread application.