潜水减压方案的安全性验证研究进展

Research progression on safety verification of diving decompression procedures

潜水减压方案是潜水员上浮出水时需遵循的特定规则,来源于减压理论与减压算法,专为预防减压病而设计。随着潜水技术与潜水医学的发展,减压方案也不断革新,而新的减压方案须经安全性验证后方可应用于潜水实践。减压方案的安全性验证原则上应先进行动物实验后再进行人体试验,以评估发生减压病和氧中毒的风险;然而,当前不同研究选用的评估方法差异较大,亟需建立一套规范通用的验证体系。传统上,减压病和氧中毒风险评估主要通过观察发病情况、探测气泡、理论计算和检测肺功能进行;而随着研究的深入,生化指标成为重要的补充。由于潜水作业受水下特殊环境影响,易发生意外;因此,新减压方案除了验证安全性外,探索其安全减压极限对制定紧急情况下的应急减压方案具有重要的参考意义。具体方法为多次缩短减压时间并评估其安全性,以确定测得气泡却未发生减压病的临界时间。未来研究应继续优化安全性评估方法,探索灵敏的生化标志物,阐明物种关联性,提高减压方案的验证效率和结果可靠性。

A diving decompression procedure is a specific rule that divers should follow when they ascend and get out of water.It comes from the decompression theory and algorithm and is designed for the prevention of decompression sickness.With the development of diving technology and diving medicine,the decompression procedures are constantly innovated,and the new decompression procedure can be used in diving practice after safety verification.In principle,the safety verification of decompression procedures should be conducted on animal experiments before human experiments,and the risks of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity should be systematically assessed.However,the assessment methods used in different studies differ greatly,thus,it is urgent to establish a standard and universal verification system.Traditionally,the risk assessment of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity is mainly carried out by observing the incidence,detecting bubbles,theoretical calculation and lung functional test.Furthermore,biochemical indicators are increasingly becoming important supplements.Due to the special underwater environment,the diving operation is prone to accidents.Therefore,in addition to verifying the safety of the new decompression procedure,exploring its safety decompression limit is of great significance for the formulation of emergency decompression procedures in emergency situations.The specific approach is to shorten the decompression time and assess the safety until the critical time for detecting bubbles without the occurrence of decompression sickness is found.Future studies should continue to optimize safety assessment methods,explore sensitive biochemical markers,clarify species associations,and improve verification efficiency and reliability of results.