敦煌壁画中两种于阗历史传说故事画新考

A New Study on Two Kinds of Paintings of Historical Tales of Khotan in Dunhuang Murals

于阗是佛教东传的重要中转站,曾是古代大乘佛教的中心。为了更好地发展佛教,抬高本地佛教在世界佛教体系中的地位,促进佛教在民间的广泛传播,于阗佛教徒们编造了大量与当地有关的神异传说和感通故事。公元9~10世纪时敦煌与于阗关系密切,敦煌壁画中出现了不少有关于阗的造像题材。莫高窟北宋初第454窟甬道顶佛教感通画下部一组画面表现的可能是于阗国王先祖地乳出生由来的传说故事。莫高窟第126窟甬道顶五代佛教感通画中榜题为"于阗国太子出家时"的画面表现的可能是于阗国王尉迟毗梨耶王遗失后寻得的孩子在牛头山伽蓝出家,成为于阗最早得获阿罗汉果的论道沙门的传说故事。

Khotan was a major transit station for the eastward spread of Buddhism,and was once the center of ancient Mahayana Buddhism.In order to better develop Buddhism,elevate the status of local Buddhism in the world Buddhist system,and promote the wide spread of Buddhism among the people,Khotan Buddhists have made up a large number of local supernatural legends and inspirational stories.From the 9 th to the 10 th century,Dunhuang had a close relationship with Khotan.Many statues related to Khotan appeared in Dunhuang murals.A group of pictures in the lower part of the Buddhist inspirational painting on the top of the corridor in Cave 454 of the Mogao Grottoes in the early Northern Song Dynasty may represent the legendary story of the birth of Di Ru,the ancestor of the King of Khotan.The picture entitled"when the prince of Khotan became a monk"in a Buddhist inspirational painting of the Five Dynasties on the top of the corridor in cave 126 of Mogao Grottoes may show the story of the child of Vijaya Vīrya,the king of Khotan,who was found after going missing and became a monk in a temple on Niutoushan mount,becoming the first shramana in Khotan who attained arhatship.