国民政府时期新疆农会组织及其职权之演变

The changes in the organization and power of Xinjiang Farmers’ Association during the National Government

国民政府时期新疆农会受国共两党的影响,其组织及职权经历了一个特殊发展时期。农会在草创、改组两个阶段中,组织不断充实,职权不断扩大。初期农会名称各异,职能旨在改良农业,兼顾基层行政;1942年农会改组为农牧改进委员会,人员充实,组织细化,完全成为行政权力机关。后期由于人员匮乏、组织不健全、经费摊派严重,加之新疆政局变化,农进会对农牧业的指导和推动效能不够,最终被撤销。但农会在近代新疆发展中的地位和作用,却是不容忽视的。

During the Nationalist Government,the Xinjiang Farmers Association was deeply influenced by both the Communist Party of China and Kuomintang,which caused the Farmers Association to experience a special period of development in social organization and political power.During the two stages of initiative and reorganizing,the Farmer Association continued to enrich its structure and to expand its powers.In the early period,the title of the association was various,and its function was merely to improve agriculture and take the role of local administration.In 1942,the association was reorganized into the Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Promotion Committee with a substantial staff and detailed structures,completely becoming an administrative agency.In the later period,due to the staff insufficiency,unsound organization,heavy funds allocation,and the changes in Xinjiang’s political situation,also ineffective in the guidance and promotion of agriculture and herding economies,the committee eventually was dismissed.However,the status and role that the Farmer Associations had played in the development of modern Xinjiang cannot be ignored.