以色列对非洲阿拉伯国家外交战略的演进——兼论阿以关系新突破及影响

The Evolution of Israel’s Diplomatic Strategy towards African Arab Countries——Also on the New Breakthrough and Influence of Arab-Israeli Relations

2020年10月和12月,以色列先后与苏丹、摩洛哥两个非洲阿拉伯国家实现双边关系正常化。这是以色列继2020年与阿联酋、巴林关系正常化后与阿拉伯国家关系发展的新收获,也是以色列继1979年与埃及建立正式外交关系后对非洲外交的新突破。回顾历史,建国后,以色列对非洲政策一直在其全方位外交中占有重要地位,与非洲阿拉伯国家的关系是既艰难而又必须开拓的区域。以色列与非洲阿拉伯国家的关系,经历了20世纪五六十年代的战略布局期、20世纪70年代至90年代的战略突围期,以及21世纪开始后的战略推进期三个阶段。以色列对非洲阿拉伯国家的政策,既着眼于谋划国家长远战略发展空间,又注重谋取不同的现实利益。当下,以色列与苏丹、摩洛哥关系的正常化,表明该国在西亚北非地缘政治格局发生重大变化,以及土耳其、伊朗、阿联酋等国纷纷加大对这一地区影响力的背景下,也明显加大了对非洲阿拉伯国家的政策力度。以色列与非洲阿拉伯国家关系的新突破,对阿以冲突格局及地区形势带来多重影响,也为以色列进一步开拓非洲地区和阿拉伯国家市场创造了条件。

In October and December 2020,Israel normalized its diplomatic relations with Sudan and Morocco respectively.This is not only the new harvest of the development of Israel’s relations with Arab countries after the normalization of Israel’s relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in 2020,but also a new breakthrough in Israel’s diplomacy towards Africa after the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with Egypt in 1979.Looking back at history,since the founding of the state of Israel,Israel’s policy towards Africa has always occupied an important position in its all-round diplomacy,and its relations with African Arab countries are difficult and must be explored.The relationship between Israel and African Arab countries has gone through the period of strategic layout in the 1950 s and the 1960 s,the period of strategic breakthrough from the 1970 s to the end of the 1990 s,and the period of strategic optimization and new breakthrough since the beginning of the 21 st century.Israel’s policy towards African Arab countries not only focuses on planning the country’s long-term strategic development space,but also seeks different practical interests.The normalization of Israel’s relations with Sudan and Morocco in the new period shows that Israel is significantly stepped its policy towards African Arab countries under the context of majors changes in the geopolitical landscape of West Asia and North Africa,as well as the increasing influences of Turkey,Iran and the UAE in the region.It may also create conditions for Israel to further develop African and Arab markets.