高速列车5G服务增强方案研究

Enhancement Scheme of 5G Services on High-Speed Train

5G网络不仅能为高铁旅客提供高质量的视频类娱乐服务,还可以为列车智慧运维提供高质量的车地信息传输通道。通过轨旁5G基站进行透射传播来实现车厢内部5G覆盖,由于列车车体会对5G信号造成较大衰减,所以该覆盖方法要求轨旁站址密集、大功率发射,导致5G服务提供成本高。本文研究基于车载5G设备的高速列车5G服务增强方案。根据车内覆盖方式和业务分流方式,5G服务增强方案可分为车内用户终端设备(Customer Premise Equipment,CPE)结合边缘UPF(User Plane Function,UPF)分流、车内Wi-Fi结合内容分发网络(Content Delivery Network,CDN)节点分流、5G小站上车结合边缘UPF分流、以及5G小站结合CDN节点分流4种方案。本文详细介绍了每个方案的技术实现方法,针对优势和劣势、技术难点进行了详细比较分析。最后,根据高速列车5G服务的技术难点,提出了进一步实践验证的建议。

5G networks can not only provide high-quality video entertainment services for passengers on high-speed trains but also offer a reliable and efficient vehicle-to-ground information transmission channel for intelligent operation and maintenance of trains.To achieve 5G coverage inside the train carriages,signal propagation through 5G base stations located alongside the railway tracks is exploited.However,due to significant signal attenuation caused by the metallic body of trains,the above coverage method requires dense deployment of trackside stations and high-power transmission to guarantee adequate signal strength,resulting in high costs for providing 5G services of trains.This paper investigates enhancement schemes of 5G services on high-speed trains by leveraging onboard 5G devices.According to the onboard coverage method and services offloading approach,the enhancement schemes of 5G services can be categorized into four options:customer premise equipment(CPE)combined with edge user plane function(UPF)offloading,onboard Wi-Fi combined with content delivery network(CDN)node offloading,5G small cells onboard combined with edge UPF offloading,and 5G small cells combined with CDN node offloading.This paper provides a detailed description of the technical implementation for each scheme and investigates a comprehensive analysis of the advantages,disadvantages,and technical challenges of the above schemes.Finally,considering the technical challenges of providing 5G services on high-speed trains,recommendations for further practical validation are proposed.