将家庭带入政治学:家户制研究的议题拓展与研究展望

Bringing Family into Politics:Issues Expansion and Research Prospects of Household System Research

家户传统作为中国的制度遗产,受到不同学科的持续关注,但将家庭带回政治学却得益于家户制研究。家户制研究开始于中国农村社会本体论的讨论,从研究的内在逻辑来看经历了三个发展阶段:第一阶段以“家户”本身为主要内容,对家户形态变迁、家户内部秩序等问题予以关注;第二阶段是“走出家户”,侧重于研究家户与乡村治理的关系问题,揭示了村庄治理中家户制的两面性;第三阶段是从“家户到国家”,着眼于分析家国关系、家户制与国家治理的内在逻辑。整体来说,从“家治”“村治”到“国家治理”,家户研究的议题不断扩展和深化,但尚有增益的空间:一是加强对家户内涵的讨论,厘清“家”的系列概念以及经济社会形态对家户的塑造;二是深入分析家户的治理机制,强化对家户、村庄、国家治理结构和联结机制的研究;三是创新完善研究方法,提升家户研究的实证向度和经验厚度;四是拓展家户研究范围扩展至城镇化、市场化下形成的新型家户等,逐步将家庭带入政治学研究深处。

As China's institutional heritage,the family tradition has received continuous attention from different disciplines,but bringing the family back to political studies has benefited from the study of the family⁃household system.The research began with the discussion on the ontology of Chinese rural society,which has gone through three developmental stages:The first stage is“Family research”,mainly talking about the change of family and the internal order of family;the second stage is“Out of the family”,focusing on the study of the relationship between family and rural governance,revealing the duality of the family village governance;the third stage is“From family to state”,there are two topics:one is the internal relationship between family and state,the other is the interaction both family⁃household system and state governance.On the whole,from“family governance”,to“village governance”and“state governance”,the topics of family research continue to expand and deepen,but there is still room for increase and overflow:Firstly,strengthening the discussion of the connotation of family,such as clarifying the series of concepts of“family and household”,and paying attention to these new patterns of family formed by economic and social structure;Secondly,strengthening research on governance structures and linkage mechanisms of family,village and the state;Thirdly,innovating research methods to improve the empirical dimension and thickness of family research;Finally,expanding the scope of family research to new family formation under urbanization and marketization,and gradually bringing family into the depths of political science research.