程序修辞与新闻框架:一个理解新闻游戏的视角

Procedural Rhetoric and News Framing:A Perspective on Understanding News Games

经典新闻学的“框架”理论和游戏研究的“程序修辞”理论,都强调媒介生产者从特定的视角出发再现社会事件,在新闻游戏这一新闻与游戏的融合产物上,可以看到“框架”理论和“程序修辞”理论交汇的可能性。然而,区别于文本类新闻报道通过语言修辞搭建新闻框架,新闻游戏是通过程序修辞完成这一工作的。新闻游戏为作为玩家的受众搭建了一套程序性的框架,使其从“局内人”的视角出发自行探索并思考新闻游戏背后的议题,具备意识形态功能。然而需要注意的是,虽然新闻游戏借由内置的“程序修辞”具备了一定的劝服效果,但游戏本身的互动性与开放性也使玩家有可能从框架之外去探索游戏表达的含义,并思考新闻游戏背后的社会议题。因此,新闻游戏的劝服效果仍需要放置“有限效果”理论下去看待。

Both the"news frame theory"in classical journalism and the"procedural rhetoric theory"in game studies both emphasize that media producers reproduce social events from a specific perspective.Because of the fusion of news and games,there is the possibility for the convergence of these two theories.The study points out that unlike traditional text-based news,news games provide the audience,as players,with a procedural framework that allows them to explore and contemplate issues from an insiders point of view,which of ideological significance.It is notable that while news games have a certain persuasive effect through their embedded procedural rhetoric,the interactivity and openness of the game also enable players to interpret meanings beyond the provided framework.As a result,its persuasive effect should be considered under the framework of the limited-effects-theory.