改造读者——基于阅读视角对《解放日报》1942年改版的再考察

Reshaping Readers: The Transformation of Jiefang Daily in 1942 from the Perspective of Reading

1942年《解放日报》改版,涉及传者和读者两方面的改造。对于读者的改造表现在如下方面:首先,在观念上清除把读报当作私人事务的个人自由主义,树立读报集体主义观念,明确组织读报与党的事业紧密相关。其次,在读报方法上,读者根据自身所在的组织层级展开读报,内容由组织指定,接受组织的监督和考核,尤其强调实践,完成了从“不完全读报”向“完全读报”的转变。再次,正是这样全流程、全方位地依托党的组织体系,在陕甘宁边区,才得以实现读报的“全党化”“群众化”。从读报人的职业身份来看,这可认为是读报的“工农化”,工农化阅读是将文盲仍占相当比例的普通群众纳入“现代化”“全国化”信息交往体系的高效路径。

The revision of Jiefang Daily in 1942 involved the transformation of both the preacher and the reader.For the reform of readers,first of all,the individual liberalism that regards newspaper reading as a private affair should be eliminated,the collectivism concept of newspaper reading should be established,and that read newspapers is closely related to the party’s cause.Secondly,in the method,a reader reading newspapers according to their own organizational level.The content is designated by the organization,and they are subject to the supervision and assessment of the organization,with particular emphasis on practice,and completed the transition from incomplete newspaper reading to complete newspaper reading.finally,it is precisely in this way that the whole process and all-round support of the party’s organizational system has enabled the whole party and peoole reading in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.To a large extent,judging from the professional status of newspaper readers,it can also be considered that this is the industrial and agricultural of newspaper readers.Under the historical conditions at this time,the industrial-agricultural reading is an efficient way to bring the illiterate ordinary people into the modernized and nationalized information exchange system.