互动的影像书写:“人民影像”的人类学意义

Image Interweaving:The Anthropological Significance of“People’s Images”

随着移动互联网的崛起,短视频获得了爆发式的发展,赋予了人们使用视频媒介记录生活方式和文化样态的技术准入平台。人类学家的民族志书写方式也因此被颠覆,从原本的由人类学家长期驻守异文化田野,逐渐转变为文化持有者的自我书写。本文将从文化持有者的视角研究影像人类学书写方式的演进,并将其概括为传统的影像、合作和互动的影像人类学书写三个阶段。文化持有者分别经历了不掌握技术、被人类学家技术赋权和自我赋权,其文化自觉也经历了从无到有的过程。在移动互联网时代,文化持有者经历了一个与影像“互相卷入”,也即“拍摄-制作-观看”的过程后,被唤起了“人民性”和“整体性”,“人民影像”也由此获得了其人类学意义。

With the rise of mobile internet,short videos have experienced explosive growth,providing people with the technological means to record lifestyles and cultural patterns on various platforms.Then the traditional ethnographic writing style of anthropologists,which involved long-term residencies in different cultural fields,has been subverted.It has gradually transformed into a self-narrative by the holders of the culture themselves.In this paper,we study the evolution of the inscription style in video anthropology from the perspective of culture holders.We summarize the three stages of this evolution:traditional,collaborative,and interactive video anthropological inscription.Culture holders have progressed from lacking technological mastery,to being technologically empowered by anthropologists,and finally to self-empowerment.Their cultural self-awareness has evolved from nonexistence to existence.In the era of mobile internet,culture holders have undergone a process of“inter-volution”with images,leading to an evocation of“people’s nature”and“holism”.People’s images have then gained their own anthropological significance.